Comparing The Prince and Measure for Measure Essay -- comparison compa

Parallels Between The Prince and Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The parallels between Machiavelli's Prince and Shakespeare's Measure for Measure are significant.   The great majority of characters in Measure for Measure - the Duke, Angelo, Claudio, Pompey and even Isabella - display Machiavellian qualities. A comparison of key passages, both of The Prince and Measure for Measure, will establish this clearly.    A study of kingship, arguably the entire premise for Measure for Measure, is immediately introduced in the first scene, with the Duke's declaration "Of government the properties to unfold/ Would seem in me t'affect speech and discourse." It is not until the third scene of act one, however, that this political discussion becomes specific and, ultimately, linked to the Machiavellian notion of statecraft. In this scene, which details the exchange between Vincentio and the Friar, we learn the reasons for the former's deputising of Angelo. Both of the Duke's significant dialogues - I.iii.20-33 and I.iii.36-55 - reveal that, for the last fourteeen years, the "strict statutes and most biting laws" (I.iii.20) punishing pre-marital intercourse have slipped into disuse. Although this scene is by no means extensive, it furnishes the reader with much food for thought.    Vincentio's Machiavellianism, as manifest in the above scene, is centred upon three main elements - his previous laxity, his present need to deflect responsibility and his use of Angelo as an instrument in effecting the enforcement of this "most biting law." Upon closer inspection, both of Measure for Measure and The Prince, we discern that the neglect apparent in the Duke's initial non-enforcement of the law may not really be neglect at all, but rathe... ...ouples) is profoundly Machiavellian. Not only does Vincentio conceal his knowledge of Claudio's safety from Isabella, he uses it in an impressive display of stagecraft, specifically designed to evoke a sort of mystical awe in all onlookers (including Isabella, who he later asks to marry him). The Duke has clearly enhanced his reputation by the "spectacular deeds" Machiavelli writes of in his Prince, "[finding] a way for punishing or rewarding[...] that is sure to be much talked about."    BIBLIOGRAPHY Shakespeare, William: Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Machiavelli, Niccolà ²: The Prince in Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others, vol. 1, trans. Allan Gilbert, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1989 Machiavelli, Niccolà ²: The Prince, trans. George Bull, London: Penguin, 1995.      

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 24. Surprise

â€Å"No. No way!† I shook my head fiercely and then shot a glance at the smug smile on my seventeen-year-old husband's face. â€Å"No, this doesn't count. I stopped aging three days ago. I am eighteen forever.† â€Å"Whatever,† Alice said, dismissing my protest with a quick shrug. â€Å"We're celebrating anyway, so suck it up.† I sighed. There was rarely a point to arguing with Alice. Her grin got impossibly wider as she read the acquiescence in my eyes. â€Å"Are you ready to open your present?† Alice sang. â€Å"Presents,† Edward corrected, and he pulled another key – this one longer and silver with a less gaudy blue bow – from his pocket. I struggled to keep from rolling my eyes. I knew immediately what this key was to – the â€Å"after car.† I wondered if I should feel excited. It seemed the vampire conversion hadn't given me any sudden interest in sports cars. â€Å"Mine first,† Alice said, and then stuck her tongue out, foreseeing his answer. â€Å"Mine is closer.† â€Å"But look at how she's dressed† Alice's words were almost a moan. â€Å"It's been killing me all day. That is clearly the priority.† My eyebrows pulled together as I wondered how a key could get me into new clothes. Had she gotten me a whole trunkful? â€Å"I know – I'll play you for it,† Alice suggested. â€Å"Rock, paper, scissors.† Jasper chuckled and Edward sighed. â€Å"Why you don't you just tell me who wins?† Edward said wryly. Alice beamed. â€Å"I do. Excellent.† â€Å"It's probably better that I wait for morning, anyway.† Edward smiled crookedly at me and then nodded toward Jacob and Seth, who looked like they were crashed for the night; I wonder how long they'd stayed up this time. â€Å"I think it might be more fun if Jacob was awake for the big reveal, don't you agree? So that someone there is able to express the right level of enthusiasm?† I grinned back. He knew me well. â€Å"Yay,† Alice sang. â€Å"Bella, give Ness – Renesmee to Rosalie.† â€Å"Where does she usually sleep?† Alice shrugged. â€Å"In Rose's arms. Or Jacob's. Or Esme's. You get the picture. She has never been set down in her entire life. She's going to be the most spoiled half-vampire in existence.† Edward laughed while Rosalie took Renesmee expertly in her arms. â€Å"She is also the most unspoiled half-vampire in existence,† Rosalie said. â€Å"The beauty of being one of a kind.† Rosalie grinned at me, and I was glad to see that the new comradeship between us was still there in her smile. I hadn't been entirely sure it would last after Renesmee's life was no longer tied to mine. But maybe we had fought together on the same side long enough that we would always be friends now. I'd finally made the same choice she would have if she'd been in my shoes. That seemed to have washed away her resentment for all my other choices. Alice shoved the beribboned key in my hand, then grabbed my elbow and steered me toward the back door. â€Å"Let's go, let's go,† she trilled. â€Å"Is it outside?† â€Å"Sort of,† Alice said, pushing me forward. â€Å"Enjoy your gift,† Rosalie said. â€Å"It's from all of us. Esme especially.† â€Å"Aren't you coming, too?† I realized that no one had moved. â€Å"We'll give you a chance to appreciate it alone,† Rosalie said. â€Å"You can tell us about it†¦ later.† Emmett guffawed. Something about his laugh made me feel like blushing, though I wasn't sure why. I realized that lots of things about me – like truly hating surprises, and not liking gifts in general much more – had not changed one bit. It was a relief and revelation to discover how much of my essential core traits had come with me into this new body. I hadn't expected to be myself. I smiled widely. Alice tugged my elbow, and I couldn't stop smiling as I followed her into the purple night. Only Edward came with us. â€Å"There's the enthusiasm I'm looking for,† Alice murmured approvingly. Then she dropped my arm, made two lithe bounds, and leaped over the river. â€Å"C'mon, Bella,† she called from the other side. Edward jumped at the same time I did; it was every bit as fun as it had been this afternoon. Maybe a little bit more fun because the night changed everything into new, rich colors. Alice took off with us on her heels, heading due north. It was easier to follow the sound of her feet whispering against the ground and the fresh path of her scent than it was to keep my eyes on her through the thick vegetation. At no sign I could see, she whirled and dashed back to where I paused. â€Å"Don't attack me,† she warned, and sprang at me. â€Å"What are you doing?† I demanded, squirming as she scrambled onto my back and wrapped her hands around my face. I felt the urge to throw her off, but I controlled it. â€Å"Making sure you can't see.† â€Å"I could take care of that without the theatrics,† Edward offered. â€Å"You might let her cheat. Take her hand and lead her forward.† â€Å"Alice, I – â€Å" â€Å"Don't bother, Bella. We're doing this my way.† I felt Edward's fingers weave through mine. â€Å"Just a few seconds more, Bella. Then she'll go annoy someone else.† He pulled me forward. I kept up easily. I wasn't afraid of hitting a tree; the tree would be the only one getting hurt in that scenario. â€Å"You might be a little more appreciative,† Alice chided him. â€Å"This is as much for you as it is for her.† â€Å"True. Thank you again, Alice.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah. Okay.† Alice's voice suddenly shot up with excitement. â€Å"Stop there. Turn her just a little to the right. Yes, like that. Okay. Are you ready?† she squeaked. â€Å"I'm ready.† There were new scents here, piquing my interest, increasing my curiosity. Scents that didn't belong in the deep woods. Honeysuckle. Smoke. Roses. Sawdust? Something metallic, too. The richness of deep earth, dug up and exposed. I leaned toward the mystery. Alice hopped down from my back, releasing her grip on my eyes. I stared into the violet dark. There, nestled into a small clearing in the forest, was a tiny stone cottage, lavender gray in the light of the stars. It belonged here so absolutely that it seemed as if it must have grown from the rock, a natural formation. Honeysuckle climbed up one wall like a lattice, winding all the way up and over the thick wooden shingles. Late summer roses bloomed in a handkerchief-sized garden under the dark, deep-set windows. There was a little path of flat stones, amethyst in the night, that led up to the quaint arched wooden door. I curled my hand around the key I held, shocked. â€Å"What do you think?† Alice's voice was soft now; it fit with the perfect quiet of the storybook scene. I opened my mouth but said nothing. â€Å"Esme thought we might like a place of our own for a while, but she didn't want us too far away,† Edward murmured. â€Å"And she loves any excuse to renovate. This little place has been crumbling away out here for at least a hundred years.† I continued staring, mouth gaping like a fish. â€Å"Don't you like it?† Alice's face fell. â€Å"I mean, I'm sure we could fix it up differently, if you want. Emmett was all for adding a few thousand square feet, a second story, columns, and a tower, but Esme thought you would like it best the way it was meant to look.† Her voice started to climb, to go faster. â€Å"If she was wrong, we can get back to work. It won't take long to – â€Å" â€Å"Shh!† I managed. She pressed her lips together and waited. It took me a few seconds to recover. â€Å"You're giving me a house for my birthday?† I whispered. â€Å"Us,† Edward corrected. â€Å"And it's no more than a cottage. I think the word house implies more legroom.† â€Å"No knocking my house,† I whispered to him. Alice beamed. â€Å"You like it.† I shook my head. â€Å"Love it?† I nodded. â€Å"I can't wait totell Esme!† â€Å"Why didn't she come?† Alice's smile faded a little, twisted just off what it hadbeen, like my question was hard to answer. â€Å"Oh, you know†¦ they all remember how you are about presents. They didn't want to put you under too much pressure to like it.† â€Å"But of course I love it. How could I not?† â€Å"They'll like that.† She patted my arm. â€Å"Anyhoo, your closet is stocked.Use it wisely. And†¦ I guess that's everything.† â€Å"Aren't you going to come inside?† She strolled casually a few feet back. â€Å"Edward knows his way around. I'll stop by†¦ later. Call me if you can't match your clothes right.† She threw me a doubtful look and then smiled. â€Å"Jazz wants to hunt. See you.† She shot off into the trees like the most graceful bullet. â€Å"That was weird,† I said when the sound of her flight had vanished completely. â€Å"Am I really that bad? They didn't have to stay away. Now I feel guilty. I didn't even thank her right. We should go back,tell Esme – â€Å" â€Å"Bella,don't besilly. No one thinks you're that unreasonable.† â€Å"Then what – â€Å" â€Å"Alone time is their other gift. Alice was trying to be subtle about it.† â€Å"Oh.† That was all it took to make the house disappear. We could have been anywhere. I didn't see the trees or the stones or the stars. It was just Edward. â€Å"Let me show you what they've done,† he said, pulling my hand. Was he oblivious to the fact that an electric current was pulsing through my body like adrenaline-spiked blood? Once again I felt oddly off balance, waiting for reactions my body wasn't capable of anymore. My heart should have been thundering like a steam engine about to hit us. Deafening. My cheeks should have been brilliant red. For that matter, I ought to have been exhausted. This had been the longest day of my life. I laughed out loud – just one quiet little laugh of shock – when I realized that this day would never end. â€Å"Do I get to hear the joke?† â€Å"It's not a very good one,† I told him as he led the way to the little rounded door. â€Å"I was just thinking – today is the first and last day of forever. It's kind of hard to wrap my head around it. Even with all this extra room for wrapping.† I laughed again. He chuckled with me. He held his hand out toward the doorknob, waiting for me to do the honors. I stuck the key in the lock and turned it. â€Å"You're such a natural at this, Bella; I forget how very strange this all must be for you. I wish I could hear it.† He ducked down and yanked me up into his arms so fast that I didn't see it coming – and that was really something. â€Å"Hey!† â€Å"Thresholds are part of my job description,† he reminded me. â€Å"But I'm curious. Tell me what you're thinking about right now.† He opened the door – it fell back with a barely audible creak – and stepped through into the little stone living room. â€Å"Everything,† I told him. â€Å"All at the same time, you know. Good things and things to worry about and things that are new. How I keep using too many superlatives in my head. Right now, I'm thinking that Esme is an artist. It's so perfect!† The cottage room was something from a fairy tale. The floor was a crazy quilt of smooth, flat stones. The low ceiling had long exposed beams that someone as tall as Jacob would surely knock his head on. The walls were warm wood in some places, stone mosaics in others. The beehive fireplace in the corner held the remains of a slow flickering fire. It was driftwood burning there – the low flames were blue and green from the salt. It was furnished in eclectic pieces, not one of them matching another, but harmonious just the same. One chair seemed vaguely medieval, while a low ottoman by the fire was more contemporary and the stocked bookshelf against the far window reminded me of movies set in Italy. Somehow each piece fit together with the others like a big three-dimensional puzzle. There were a few paintings on the walls that I recognized – some of my very favorites from the big house. Priceless originals, no doubt, but they seemed to belong here, too, like all the rest. It was a place where anyone could believe magic existed. A place where you just expected Snow White to walk right in with her apple in hand, or a unicorn to stop and nibble at the rosebushes. Edward had always thought that he belonged to the world of horror stories. Of course, I'd known he was dead wrong. It was obvious that he belonged here. In a fairy tale. And now I was in the story with him. I was about to take advantage of the fact that he hadn't gotten around to setting me back on my feet and that his wits-scramblingly beautiful face was only inches away when he said, â€Å"We're lucky Esme thought to add an extra room. No one was planning for Ness – Renesmee.† I frowned at him, my thoughts channeled down a less pleasant path. â€Å"Not you, too,† I complained. â€Å"Sorry, love. I hear it in their thoughts all the time, you know. It's rubbing off on me.† I sighed. My baby, the sea serpent. Maybe there was no help for it. Well, /wasn't giving in. Tm sure you're dying to see the closet. Or, at least I'll tell Alice that you were, to make her feel good.† â€Å"Should I be afraid?† â€Å"Terrified.† He carried me down a narrow stone hallway with tiny arches in the ceiling, like it was our own miniature castle. â€Å"That will be Renesmee's room,† he said, nodding to an empty room with a pale wooden floor. â€Å"They didn't have time to do much with it, what with the angry werewolves___† I laughed quietly, amazed at how quickly everything had turned right when it had all had looked so nightmarish just a week ago. Drat Jacob for making everything perfect this way. â€Å"Here's our room. Esme tried to bring some of her island back here for us. She guessed that we would get attached.† The bed was huge and white, with clouds of gossamer floating down from the canopy to the floor. The pale wood floor matched the other room, and now I grasped that it was precisely the color of a pristine beach. The walls were that almost-white-blue of a brilliant sunny day, and the back wall had big glass doors that opened into a little hidden garden. Climbing roses and a small round pond, smooth as a mirror and edged with shiny stones. A tiny, calm ocean for us. â€Å"Oh† was all I could say. â€Å"I know,† he whispered. We stood there for a minute, remembering. Though the memories were human and clouded, they took over my mind completely. He smiled a wide, gleaming smile and then laughed. â€Å"The closet is through those double doors. I should warn you – it's bigger than this room.† I didn't even glance at the doors. There was nothing else in the world but him again – his arms curled under me, his sweet breath on my face, his lips just inches from mine – and there was nothing that could distract me now, newborn vampire or not. â€Å"We're going to tell Alice that I ran right to the clothes,† I whispered, twisting my fingers into his hair and pulling my face closer to his. â€Å"We're going to tell her I spent hours in there playing dress-up. We're going to lie† He caught up to my mood in an instant, or maybe he'd already been there, and he was just trying to let me fully appreciate my birthday present, like a gentleman. He pulled my face to his with a sudden fierceness, a low moan in his throat. The sound sent the electric current running through my body into a near-frenzy, like I couldn't get close enough to him fast enough. I heard the fabric tearing under our hands, and I was glad my clothes, at least, were already destroyed. It was too late for his. It felt almost rude to ignore the pretty white bed, but we just weren't going to make it that far. This second honeymoon wasn't like our first. Our time on the island had been the epitome of my human life. The very best of it. I'd been so ready to string along my human time, just to hold on to what I had with him for a little while longer. Because the physical part wasn't going to be the same ever again. I should have guessed, after a day like today, that it would be better. I could really appreciate him now – could properly see every beautiful line of his perfect face, of his long, flawless body with my strong new eyes, every angle and every plane of him. I could taste his pure, vivid scent on my tongue and feel the unbelievable silkiness of his marble skin under my sensitive fingertips. My skin was so sensitive under his hands, too. He was all new, a different person as our bodies tangled gracefully into one on the sand-pale floor. No caution, no restraint. No fear – especially not that. We could love together – both active participants now. Finally equals. Like our kisses before, every touch was more than I was used to. So much of himself he'd been holding back. Necessary at the time, but I couldn't believe how much I'd been missing. I tried to keep in mind that I was stronger than he was, but it was hard to focus on anything with sensations so intense, pulling my attention to a million different places in my body every second; if I hurt him, he didn't complain. A very, very small part of my head considered the interesting conundrum presented in this situation. I was never going to get tired, and neither was he. We didn't have to catch our breath or rest or eat or even use the bathroom; we had no more mundane human needs. He had the most beautiful, perfect body in the world and I had him all to myself, and it didn't feel like I was ever going to find a point where I would think, Now I've had enough for one day. I was always going to want more. And the day was never going to end. So, in such a situation, how did we ever stop? It didn't bother me at all that I had no answer. I sort of noticed when the sky began to lighten. The tiny ocean outside turned from black to gray, and a lark started to sing somewhere very close by – maybe she had a nest in the roses. â€Å"Do you miss it?† I asked him when her song was done. It wasn't the first time we'd spoken, but we weren't exactly keeping up a conversation, either. â€Å"Miss what?† he murmured. â€Å"All of it – the warmth, the soft skin, the tasty smell†¦ I'm not losing anything at all, and I just wondered if it was a little bit sad for you that you were.† He laughed, low and gentle. â€Å"It would be hard to find someone less sad than I am now. Impossible, I'd venture. Not many people get every single thing they want, plus all the things they didn't think to ask for, in the same day.† â€Å"Are you avoiding the question?† He pressed his hand against my face. â€Å"You are warm,† he told me. It was true, in a sense. To me, his hand was warm. It wasn't the same as touching Jacob's flame-hot skin, but it was more comfortable. More natural. Then he pulled his fingers very slowly down my face, lightly tracing from my jaw to my throat and then all the way down to my waist. My eyes rolled back into my head a little. â€Å"You are soft.† His fingers were like satin against my skin, so I could see what he meant. â€Å"And as for the scent, well, I couldn't say I missed that. Do you remember the scent of those hikers on our hunt?† â€Å"I've been trying very hard not to.† â€Å"Imagine kissing that.† My throat ripped into flames like pulling the cord on a hot-air balloon. â€Å"0/7.† â€Å"Precisely. So the answer is no. I am purely full of joy, because I am missing nothing. No one has more than I do now.† I was about to inform him of the one exception to his statement, but my lips were suddenly very busy. When the little pool turned pearl-colored with the sunrise, I thought of another question for him. â€Å"How long does this go on? I mean, Carlisle and Esme, Em and Rose, Alice and Jasper – they don't spend all day locked in their rooms. They're out in public, fully clothed, all the time. Does this†¦ craving ever let up?† I twisted myself closer into him – quite an accomplishment, actually – to make it clear what I was talking about. â€Å"That's difficult to say. Everyone is different and, well, so far you're the very most different of all. The average young vampire is too obsessed with thirst to notice much else for a while. That doesn't seem to apply to you. With the average vampire, though, after that first year, other needs make themselves known. Neither thirst nor any other desire really ever fades. It's simply a matter of learning to balance them, learning to prioritize and manage___† â€Å"How long?† He smiled, wrinkling his nose a little. â€Å"Rosalie and Emmett were the worst. It took a solid decade before I could stand to be within a five-mile radius of them. Even Carlisle and Esme had a difficult time stomaching it. They kicked the happy couple out eventually. Esme built them a house, too. It was grander than this one, but then, Esme knows what Rose likes, and she knows what you like.† â€Å"So, after ten years, then?† I was pretty sure that Rosalie and Emmett had nothing on us, but it might sound cocky if I went higher than a decade. â€Å"Everybody is normal again? Like they are now?† Edward smiled again. â€Å"Well, I'm not sure what you mean by normal. You've seen my family going about life in a fairly human way, but you've been sleeping nights.† He winked at me. â€Å"There's a tremendous amount of time left over when you don't have to sleep. It makes balancing your†¦ interests quite easy. There's a reason why I'm the best musician in the family, why – besides Carlisle – I've read the most books, studied the most sciences, become fluent in the most languages†¦. Emmett would have you believe that I'm such a know-it-all because of the mind reading, but the truth is that I've just had a lot of free time.† We laughed together, and the motion of our laughter did interesting things to the way our bodies were connected, effectively ending that conversation.

Societys Struggle Against Its Savage Roots Essay example

Societys Struggle Against Its Savage Roots Websters online dictionary defines civilization as a society in an advanced state of social development. Without the restraints of society, the behaviour of people will regress to their savage beginnings, due to the fact that ones need for survival will overpower all other impulses. The descent into savagery, mans inherent desire to survive over anything else, and the need for civilization and order shows how society unnaturally holds everyone together. Society artificially bonds everything together by imposing rules and structures and without the reminders of civilization and its conventions the savagery of human nature emerges. The strength of a society can be linked to its†¦show more content†¦The light of civilization in the Congo is depicted as evil, symbolized by the white accountant who is clothed in white starched linen amongst the white mans civilized endeavours (digging holes) set against the dark natives -crouched in pain against the dark tree trunks- who are starving and dying as they work for the white man. Secondly, Kurtz is on a mission to procure ivory and to impose society onto a region of darkness. In his report to his superiors, he scrawls across the bottom, Exterminate all the brutes! (Conrad 128) Kurtz does not believe that the natives are in any way civilized, nor does he believe that the natives can become civilized on their own. He does not see the Africans as human beings, but merely as animals. Instead of civilizing them, which he obviously has decided would be foolish, he feels it would be easier simply to kill all of the natives. In these beliefs, one can see the darkness that comes from the civilizing mission. The darkness is within Kurtz (and people like him), and that darkness is brought to light in the minds of people like Marlow who see the savagery in their ways. Furthermore, a contemporary of Conrad, William Golding, also explores the theme of descending into savagery. Embedded within his story of a group of young boys struggling to survive alone on a deserted island -separated from society they had known- are insights to theShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageswithout a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war as is of every man against every man He believed that man had a right to defend his life and liberty against others, and that in his natural state, he was born to do so. He used the term â€Å"Bellum omnium contra omnes†, literally translated, â€Å"The war of all against all†, to describe this. 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BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergenceRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesjournalists closer to their subject matter than professional journalists †¢ Better position to uncover unique on-the-ground perspectives Mainstream GOOD: Sheer physical authenticity - reliability †¢ Cost of publishing book acts as a barrier to entry against casual writers †¢ Hardly any oversight over the quality of material that gets published via new media channels †¢ Any work, regardless of its value, can easily get broadcasted to a global audience †¢ Publishers want to ensure that their books

Freedom and Morality in Kants Ethics Essay - 2235 Words

Kants Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals is an exploration and argument that seeks a universally binding first principle for morals. Kant presents an essay in which empirical observations and facts are not adequate to answer the question of, why be moral? Instead Kant relies on theoretical concepts, such as autonomy, morality, duty and goodwill to explain how necessity and causality are ordered. In this essay I will attempt to explain the Kantian connection between freedom and morality. In order to demonstrate the relationship between the Kantian notion of freedom and morality, I will first briefly summarize Kants broader explanations of good will, duty and the categorical imperative. Kant begins his argument with the†¦show more content†¦I think that these statements are bold because it suggests that freedom and morality are inextricably tied together. It seems that Kant is asserting the analytical proposition, that is, freedom equals morality. Although Kant makes a strong connection between morality and freedom, Kant uses this analytical position only for logical purposes. He states this in section 450, Freedom and self legislation are Â…. Reciprocal concepts. (But)Â… one of them cannot be used to explain the other or to supply its grounds, but can at most be used only for logical purposes. However, Kant points out that morality is a synthetic proposition. The principle of morality is, nevertheless, a synthetic propositionÂ… because this property of the wills maxim can never be found by analyzing the concept of good will. (448). According to Kant an analysis of freedom is necessary to support the synthetic analysis of morality. If an agent wished to explore one, then she would be forced to explore the other just as equally. However, to discover morality, one must also examine the meaning of a good will in conjunction with freedom. However, the main thrust of this analytical claim is that the implications of freedom provide compelling reasons to act on the Categorical Imperative. Before a connection between theShow MoreRelatedKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strictRead MoreAristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice1327 Words   |  6 Pagesessentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’ s theories are mostly different in nature, there are also some key similarities between the two. The firstRead MoreExploring Whether All Morality Should Reduce to Respecting Autonomy1377 Words   |  6 PagesKantian Ethics states that all morality can be reduced to respecting autonomy. This theory has faced criticisms as well as support. Its most plausible idea is that autonomous agents are capable of making their own decisions and even if their choices may not be the best for them, these choices should be respected. However, criticisms of this theory include concerns such as 1) respecting autonomy is not equivalent to respecting the autonomous agent, 2) the theory does not concern (or concerns veryRead MoreMorality via Kant and Hegel1712 Words   |  7 Pagesnonexistence. An endeavor in which few can be said to have been as influential as Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his most trenchant critic, G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831). Kant’s deontological attempt to unearth this criterion rests on one of the most metaphysical and abstract explanations ever given for the common intuitions of morality (Scruton 2001, 73). With the metaphysical dual-ism claimed by his Transcendental Idealism as his cornerstone, Kant argued that Reason – to him a defining and immutableRead MoreKant s Philosophy Of Ethics And Moral Reasoning1432 Words   |  6 PagesIn his book, â€Å"Critique of Practical Reason,† Immanuel Kant outlines his philosophy of ethics and moral reasoning. He introduces the reader to the Fundamental Law of Pure Practical Reason in chapter one of the Analytic. The Universal Law is a categorical imperative, which states: â€Å"So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as a principle in a giving of universal law† (Kant, 1993, p. 30). Like other nonconsequentialists, Kant is much more concerned with the motive behindRead MoreEmmanuel Kant and Moral Theory158 9 Words   |  6 Pages One of Kants greatest contributions to moral theory is the concept of pure practical reason that, as an alternative to moral sense theory or teleological ethics, more positively views the capability of fallible individuals to act morally. Practical reason, the basis of Kantian metaphysics, was revolutionary because it challenged skepticism towards human moral capacities and insisted that the moral faculty is an implicit part of common human reason. Practical reason is an instrumental theoryRead MoreThe Comparable And Contrastable Philosophies Of Kierkegaard And Kant Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthe comparable and contrasting views of Soren Kierkegaard and Immanuel Kant. Their extraordinary journeys towards the meaning of morality and ethics is riveting, spiritual, universal, and in many ways, incredibly different. My conclusion is that though there are aspects which bind their theories together, ultimately both men possess different understandings of what morality is and how an in dividual ought to be moral. Kierkegaard, while exemplifying a less structured philosophical outline embeds hisRead MoreKant: Moral Theories1002 Words   |  5 PagesKants moral theory According to Timmons, the field of philosophy is not complete without the mention of Kant whose contributions were major (205). This, he adds, was influenced by his originality, subtle approach and the difficulty of his works. Timmons cites that moral requirements are a requirement of reason, which is the ideology of Kant’s Moral theory; hence, immoral act is an act against reason. Consequently, speaking on the terminologies of Kant we visualize moral requirements as CategoricalRead MoreExplain Kants Theory of Ethics Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesA: Explain Kant’s theory of ethics Kant was born in 1724-1804, he was a German thinker from East Prussia (now Russia), and he spent his whole life in his hometown. Kant wanted to create a logical, stand-alone theory that wasn’t just based on assumptions, he believed in an objective right or wrong that is decided on reason and that we shouldn’t do the right thing just because it’s right and not to fulfil our desires. Can we lead a life following his ideals are there not some situations where a perfectRead MorePhilosophy: Beauty is not Morality 1395 Words   |  6 Pagesstates that beauty is morality. Despite the fact physical beauty is highly valued in society, it is not the driving factor when it comes to determining morality and making ethical judgments. To support this, I will be introducing Aristotle’s virtue ethics and David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature to demonstrate that beauty is independent of virtue and does not influence morality as it is not considered when discussi ng morality. Kant argues that beauty is equivalent to morality. He states, â€Å"The beautiful

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Essay

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Introduction In the formation of the Cuban nation, the role of Afro-Cubans is undeniably of great importance. The success and riches obtained by Cuba as a Spanish colony would have been unthinkable without the exploitation of African slave labor. Even before emancipation, there were key figures in the Cuban independence movement, such as Antonio Maceo, who were free men of Afro-Cuban origin. After emancipation in 1886, Afro-Cuban ex-slaves showed their enthusiasm for their future in Cuba by volunteering in large numbers to fight in the Liberation Army. Yet in the victory over the Spanish in 1898, Afro-Cubans were given little recognition for their overwhelming support, and were†¦show more content†¦Yet as this all-black party gained supporters, it was accused of racism, and eventually was brutally destroyed by whites fearing its radical tone and armed protests. The massacre of so many members of the PIC was a harsh blow to the Afro-Cuban struggle, and made it unlikely that another unifie d Afro-Cuban movement would be tolerated. Racial Hierarchies in Cuba By the late 19th Century Cuba had developed a unique sense of racial hierarchy which distinguished it from both Latin American countries and the United States. As historian Aline Helg argues in Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912, Cuban racial ideology in these years was based on the claim that there were two distinct races. In addition to whites, there was a ‘raza de color’, made up of blacks and mulattos (3). This two-tiered hierarchy differed from most Latin American countries, which differentiated between blacks and mulattos, or still had a sizeable indigenous population. It also contrasted the prevailing attitude in the United States, which relied on the so-called one-drop rule to define race. Unlike the United States, in Cuba one could have a trace of African ancestry and still be considered white. Since whites in Cuba generally identified blacks and mulattos in the same category, discriminating against them both, the raza de color was extraordinarily unitedShow MoreRelated The Racial Struggle of Afro-Cubans Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Racial Struggle of Afro-Cubans Introduction Afro-Cubans struggled to no avail for racial equality between the years 1886-1912. The slaughter of protesting blacks in 1912 shows that the battle cries for equality of Antonio Maceo and Josà © Martà © during the war for independence had dissolved. What was left was a unequal Cuban society, divided racially and fearing a black revolution. Aline Helg speaks directly to this issue in her book Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for EqualityRead MoreCuba Is A Unique Nation In Which It’S Culture Has Been1622 Words   |  7 PagesCuba is a unique nation in which it’s culture has been defined as a result of incorporating different customs from various nations over time. Beginning in the 1500s, the Spanish would be the first migrants to inhabit the island. Not only did the Spanish bring their customs along with them, but fifteen years after their arrival they also brought African slaves onto the island. Even through the hardships of slavery and oppression, the Afri can’s maintained practices and preserved aspects of their cultureRead MoreCaribbean Literature1477 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical encounters are quite evident throughout the region. The cosmopolitan nature of the regions language and cultural diversity develop from the mixture of European languages with Native American languages (mainly the Caribs and Arawaks) in the formation of creoles and local patois (hybrid languages) and those of Africans brought to the Caribbean as slaves, not withstanding the contributions of Asians mainly from India and China, and Middle Easterners. The fabric of Caribbean Literature is wovenRead More The Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba The Caribbean is a diverse region with a unique history. The progress and advancement of each island complied with the European country in control of it at the time. The Caribbean was conquered and colonized soon after Columbus’ discovery in 1492. A similar aspect of the heterogeneous region has been its plantations. The plantations were an important aspect of the cultural history of the Caribbean. 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Local forms of classical music were created in the nineteenth century in Cuba and Puerto Rico as formally trained composers began to infiltrate the area. The most prominent styles in this category are the Cuban contradazaRead MoreThe History of Dance9217 Words   |  37 Pagesupright and controlled position of the body whether in movement or still. Balboa - a form of Swing popularized during the 50s in California. ballerina - female dancer. Prima ballerina, or first dancer, is usually used for one who dances leading roles. ballet - classical theatrical dancing based on the danse decole, the rules and vocabulary that were codified around 1700 in France. ballet blanc - A ballet in which the women wear white tutus, such as the second and fourth acts of Swan Lake. balletRead MorePak Us Relations7976 Words   |  32 PagesPakistan’s role in both these organizations would actually materialize in the case of an actual conflict. However, for the Pakistanis, becoming part of these alliances allowed the country to create stronger links with the US administration and seek increasing aid. In September 1955, Pakistan became a member of the Baghdad Pact organization which later became known as CENTO. Turkey, Iran and Iraq were its earlier members with the US as the backer of the security arrangement. The role of this organizationRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagescelebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence ofRead MoreMandinka Empire21578 Words   |  87 Pagescomponent of the Mandification of Southern English is that back in Africa, Mande traders, warriors, and emigrants were already spreading their influence throughout much of west Africa. Judith Carney points out that â€Å"seven hundred years of Mande empire formation, however, would leave a pronounced legacy on the linguistic and cultural map of West Africa.† This resulted in â€Å"the widespread diffusion of Mande languages as well as selected cultural practices throughout West Africa, a cultural process that Paul

The Structure of Education from Early Years to Post-Compulsory Education Free Essays

The structure of education from early years to post-compulsory education Entitlement provision for early years education. As part of the every child matters agenda and the Childcare Act 2006 every child aged 3 4 is entitled to receive part time early years education of up to 12. 5 hours per week for 38 weeks of the year to ensure that they receive up to 2 years free education before reaching school age. We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure of Education from Early Years to Post-Compulsory Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The characteristics of schools school governance. All schools are seeking to enforce expectations in terms of meeting the national curriculum. Under the National Curriculum there are four Key Stages to education: Foundation4 year olds Key Stage 15 to 7 year olds Key Stage 27 to 11 year olds Key Stage 311 to 14 year olds Key Stage 414 to 16 year olds Mainstream State Schools All children in England aged 5 to 16 are entitled to free education at a state school, most go to state schools. Nursery school: 3 to 4 year olds Reception: 4 year olds Primary: 5 to 11 year olds (Key Stage 1 2) Secondary: 11 to 16 (Key Stage 3 4) There are 4 main types of state school: Community schools, Foundation Trust schools, Voluntary aided schools, Voluntary Controlled schools. Community schools These are run owned by the local authority cover all 4 Key Stages. Foundation Trust schools Foundation schools are run by a governing body which employs the staff and sets the entrance criteria. Land and buildings are owned either by the governing body or by a charitable foundation. Trust schools are similar, but are run together with an outside body – usually a business or charity – which has formed an educational trust. Voluntary aided schools Voluntary-aided schools are religious or faith schools. Just like foundation schools, the governing body employs the staff and sets the entrance criteria. School buildings and land are usually owned by a charity, often a church. Voluntary Controlled schools Voluntary-controlled schools are a cross between community and voluntary-aided schools. The local authority employs the staff and sets the entrance criteria, like a community school, but the school land and buildings are owned by a charity, often a church, which also appoints some members of the governing body. Specialist schools State secondaries often specialise, which means they have an extra emphasis in one or two subjects. Schools can specialise in: the arts, maths and computing, business and enterprise, music, engineering, science, humanities, sports, languages, and technology. Special schools Special schools are for the education of students with special needs that addresses the students’ individual differences and needs. This could involve the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education. State schools with particular characteristics There are a number of schools within the state schools system with particular characteristics, some may have different admission criteria or funding arrangements but as with other state schools admissions are coordinated by the local authority. Academies Academies are independently managed schools set up by sponsors from business, faith or voluntary groups in partnership with the local authority and the government Department for Children, Schools and Families. City Technology Colleges These are urban-based, independently managed secondary schools geared towards science, technology and the world of work. They offer a range of vocational qualifications as well as GCSEs and A levels. Community and foundation special schools Pupils at a special school have usually been assessed and given a statement of special educational needs (SEN). These may include learning disabilities or physical disabilities. Some special schools are funded by the local education authority. These could be community, voluntary-aided or controlled, or foundation special schools. Some special schools are independent. Faith schools Faith schools are mostly run in the same way as other state schools. However, their faith status may be reflected in their religious education curriculum, admissions criteria ; staffing policies. Grammar schools Grammar schools select all or most of their pupils based on academic ability. Maintained boarding schools Maintained boarding schools offer free tuition, but charge fees for board ; lodging. Independent schools An independent school (also referred to as a private school, or in England as a public school) is a school that is not financed through the taxation system by local or national government and is instead funded by private sources, predominantly in the form of tuition charges, gifts and long-term charitable endowments, and so is not subject to the conditions imposed by accepting state financing. Free schools Free Schools are normally brand-new schools set up by teachers, charities, community or faith groups, universities and groups of parents where there is parental demand. They will be set up as Academies and will be funded in the same way, directly from central government. They also share with Academies a greater control over their finances, the curriculum, and teachers’ pay and conditions. Post 16 options for young people adults. There are more opportunities now than ever before when it comes to post 16 education, previously pupils aged 16 or over either left school and started employment or stayed on to continue their studies. There has been an increase in government funding of education for 14-19 year olds and in particular a focus on reducing the number of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) post 16. Just under an estimated one million 16 to 24-year-olds (979,000 in total) are considered NEET, according to official figures published in August, of these, around 186,000 are aged 16-18. If you are aged 16 or 17 and coming towards the end of a school or college course, the â€Å"September Guarantee† means that you’ll definitely be able to continue learning. The September Guarantee Under the last Labour government the guarantee was as follows: * Full or part-time education in school, sixth form college, independent learning provider or further education (FE) college * An Apprenticeship or programme-led Apprenticeship, which must include both the training element and a job or work placement * Entry to Employment (E2E) * Employment with training to NVQ level 2 By 2013 all pupils will be required to continue in education or training to at least 17 years of age although under new governments this could change. How to cite The Structure of Education from Early Years to Post-Compulsory Education, Papers

Management and Organizations in a Global Environment

Question: Describe about the Management and Organizations in a Global Environment? Answer: Introduction Organizations face strong challenges in the competitive environment in order to be more efficient and productive at the same time. The organizations can gain competitive advantage by ensuring the workforce to be optimal. However, due to the various reasons including the personality conflicts, lack of conflict management strategies in the organization that may lead to the production of an unproductive report. These factors could be proven costly for the organizations in the long run. Mullins Company has also been going through the similar situations which need to be eradicated as soon as possible in order to meet with the marketing objectives of the company in the future. The project deals in providing details relating to the perceptions of the people leading to unproductive outcome of the marketing objective of the company by implementing the description of the various theories and models as relevant to the case study. Different types of personalities in the meeting using the Myers Briggs theories According to Myers Briggs theory, the personality of an individual can be categorized into a sequence of four cognitive functions which can be intuition, thinking, sensation and feeling (Lloyd 2012). Thus, from the analysis of the personalities of the individuals present in the meeting, it can be found that Davido Banks of the operation department smart, decisive, logical and intuitive as he was the one responsible for starting the conversation. Similarly, Tokundo Jegede had been very flashy with quick responses to every members present in the meeting. Though, Jegede has been passionate in his approach, he was mostly responsible for unproductive outcome of the meeting as he had been arguing with each and every manner being respondent in the meeting. Gloria brown had been also logical and intuitive as Davido, but she had not been dominant by nature. At last, Zainab was character who had been very shy and took an ample amount of time in continuing with the conversation with other team members. Although, Zainab had been shy, introvert and skeptical in the initial phase of the meeting, she had been able to show the professionalism by suggesting the other team members to work as a team in order o be productive in the meeting (The Myers Briggs Foundation 2016). Perceptions of the people leading to unproductive meeting using Attribution theory According to the attribution theory of perception of the individuals, people tend to interpret events and thus, relate them in the way in which they behave or think (Wengrzyn 2016). The attribution theory enables us to understand the reasons for our behavior in specific situations. It also enables us to figure out the reasons why other people behave the way they do. Toluwa: According to the case study, Toluwa had been expecting an appropriate report after the end of the meeting from the representatives of each of the departments of the company. Thus, after getting no positive outcome at the end of the meeting, he became very upset and called the representatives as a bunch of losers. Ralph: Upon asked by the President about the reasons behind the failure of the meeting, Ralph was the first to respond in defense of his choice of sending Davido banks in the meeting. As according to him, Davido has been the most proficient employee in the operations department of the company. Suzanne: In response to the question being asked by the President about the failure of the meeting, Suzanne got fired up and responded in defense in her employee, Zainab to be the best employee in the marketing department of the company and they she had not been responsible for the unproductively of the meeting. Emeka: Similarly, Emeka also responded to the defense of her employee, Tokundo by telling him to be the best employee of the marketing department and that she would be standing by his side as he could not be responsible for the unproductively in the meeting. Temitope: According to Temitope, Gloria could never be responsible for the failure of the meeting as she had been the top flight engineer in the respective department. Temitope also agreed to be on the side of his employee as he believed her to be so proficient that she could not be blamed for the unproductive business outcome. Thus, from the above discussions, it can be found that the indifferences in the unserstanding and the perceptions of the people in respective of each other could hamper with the proper conduction of the communication process which could ultimately lead to unproductive outcomes in the process. Four ways to manage the individual differences The management system puts an emphasis on the importance of the team pe4rpdfformce in order to meet with the business objectives of a particular organization. However, it should be noted that it is due to the individual differences of the employees that could hamper with the proper achievement of the business objectives if the differences are not managed properly (Indermun 2013). Thus, it becomes the responsibility of the managers to manage and control the differences through the training, communication, job allocation and motivation. The ways in which the mangers of the companies could prevent the individual differences can be illustrated as follows: Training employees about the importance of team work Team work is an essential feature of any organization. The organizations, in order to function properly, need a co-operation and collaboration among its workers (Indermun 2013). Thus, the managers are required to make the employees interact with each other. This strategy would help the manger to reduce down the communication gap in business environment and would also help in producing an effective solution to eradicate the individual indifferences among the employees. According to Tung and Schoch (2014), the performance of the teamwork is directly related to the effectiveness of an organization by enhancing the performance of the business processes related to the particular organization. The teamwork is achieved when the team members share ideas with the other employees and correct the mistakes of each other as well. Motivation Motivation can be referred to as the perception and direction of an individual towards a particular action (Indermun 2013). This motivation among the employees can act wonders in enhancing their performances. The motivation level in an employee guides him/her to perform at the optimal level. This motivation level of the employees is directly related with the business performance of the organizations (Robbins and Boyle 2013). Thus, the managers are required to infuse motivation in the employees by implementing appropriate appraisal and reward system for the employees in order to keep them motivated and perform at their optimal level in the future. According to the theory as proposed by McClelland, the mangers should be implementing the following strategies in order to motivate the employees: Influence the employees to accomplish the business objectives Implicate the employees to participate in the social activities and relationships Encourage the employees to achieve the targets (Bradley 2014) Job satisfaction Job satisfaction should not be confused with the motivation of the employees. The job satisfaction is rather an internal state of san individual that reflects more on his/ her attitude (Indermun 2013). It should be noted that the job satisfaction of the employees is affected by the culture, environment and structure of a particular organization which is reflected through the motivational level and performance of the individuals. According to Jensen and Jacobsen (2015), the dissatisfaction in the employees can lead to the deterioration in their performances which could have a deep impact on the performance of the organization. Thus, job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is measured by the performance of the organization in the long run. According to Zablah et al (2016), the managers can expect the following measures from a satisfied employee: Improved team work Enhance business productivity Increased performance on an individual as well as organizational basis Leadership The leadership can be regarded as the most salient feature in the context of an organization. According to Daft (2014), leadership is the process which enables an individuals to exert influence on the others and directs, motivates and inspires them to achieve a common target or goals of a particular organization. It was due to the lack of the leadership skills in the absence of any senior representatives such that the meeting had not been productive at the end. Thus, the managers are required to develop the leadership skills in the employees such that to enable them to provide directions, motivation and inspiration to the fellow members in order to meet the business objectives of the organization (Indermun 2013). Contribution of the departments of the organization to achieve the marketing objective Operations Department: The operations department of an organization, associated with the marketing of its products or services, helps in the planning and maintenance of the respective projects (Shiri 2014). Likewise, in respective of Mullins Company, the importation department would be helping in the planning and monitoring of the marketing strategy for promoting the mop in the market. Marketing Department: The marketing department is the main sector that helps in the promotion of the new products in the market (Hattula and Reinecke 2015). In respective of the mop manufacturing company, the marketing department is the main area which is responsible for the advertisement and promotion of the mop in the market. Design Department: The design department helps in the designing of the promotional items which are required to be circulated in the market (Gero and Maher 2013). Now, for the Mullins Company, the department is responsible for creating realistic drawings, flyers, advertisements and other promotional documents for the purpose of marketing of the same in the market. Engineering Department: The engineering department of an organization helps in the development of the technical aspects of the products or services. In case of Mullins Company, the engineering department is responsible for the innovation and development of a magic mop that is resistant to the stain, bacteria and odors as well. Two challenges faced by the organization in achieving the marketing objectives Personality differences: The main factor responsible for the unproductively of the meeting was the clash of the personalities among the team members present in the meeting. This personality development occurs due to the indifferences in the thinking, views, opinions, and perceptions in the team members which could raise the conflict among the employees (Cooper 2015). This clash of the personalities occurs whenever there is a possibility of the meeting of two or more individuals having opposing views about a particular topic or both of them are having similar dominating qualities. Thus, in case of the meeting, two of the employees (Davido and Tokunbo of the operations and the marketing department respectively) were seemed to be having dominant features owing to their individual personalities. Moreover, the personalities of the other members were opposite to that of the two dominating employees. Thus, this personality different has made the meeting to remind unproductive in the end. Organizational Structure: The corporate structure of the organization helps ion playing a significant role in the implementation of its business objectives (Rowlinson and Decker 2014). In case of the meeting, the President was right to select the best out of each of the departments in the organization for the purpose of planning for the marketing of the mop. However, one big mistake that the President did was that he did not appoint any representative who could have taken the initiative to be the leading the other members in order to achieve the required objective of the company (Tedeschi 2013). Moreover, due to the lack of the leadership qualities and the prevalence of the personality clashes among the team members, it became very difficult for the company to acquire useful information from the meeting. They are also required to be trained about a particular business process or a circumstance in order to provide them with the first hand experience about the situation such that they could deal with any situation in an effective and productive manner. Morover, it should be noted that the more the satisfaction level of the employees withion the business structure would be, the more effective would be the performance level of the individuals and the more productive the respective organization would be. Conclusion The project helps in providing details relating to the perceptions of the people leading to unproductive outcome of a particular business objective of the company by implementing the description of the various theories and models as relevant to the case study. It includes the illustration of the different types of personalities in an organizations and the people management of the same in order to exploit on the usefulness of the resources for producing a productive outcome related to the business objectives. The project also incorporates the descriptions of the various challenges faced by the organization in achieving the marketing objectives in the future. Bibliography Bradley, J.M., 2014. Systems theory based framework for competency models. OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY. Cooper, C., 2015. Individual differences and personality. Routledge. Daft, R., 2014. The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Gero, J.S. and Maher, M.L. eds., 2013. 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